Prehistoric Arabia Brought Early Humans from Africa
2021-09-10
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1New evidence suggests that the desert of the Arabian Peninsula once had water and plants that brought early humans and large animals from Africa.
2Until 10 years ago, scientists trying to rebuild the story of early human movements out of Africa knew little about the Arabian Peninsula.
3Much more is known about early human settlements in the Levant region.
4The Levant is the area that includes modern-day Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and parts of Syria.
5Archaeological research has been carried out there for more than one hundred years.
6But a recent study published in Nature suggests that the Arabian Peninsula may have served as a bridge between Africa and Eurasia.
7Michael Petraglia is one of the writers of the study.
8He is an archaeologist at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany.
9The research team included scientists from Germany, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Britain and other countries.
10He said, "Arabia has not been part of the story of early human migration because so little work was done there before."
11Huw Groucutt is also based at the Max Planck Institute.
12He travels to archaeological places in the northern Arabian Peninsula where rolling sand dunes, or hills, extend as far as the eye can see.
13Scientists started to look closely for archeological remains in the region after satellite images showed signs of prehistoric lakes in the areas that are now desert.
14"We noticed color patterns made by ancient lakes - sand dunes are kind of orange-colored, while ancient lakes are tinted white or gray," said Groucutt.
15Over the past 10 years, archeologists have found stone tools from several periods of prehistoric settlement by early human groups.
16The oldest was from 400,000 years ago.
17Researchers found that, during several periods in the past, the region had lakes and was covered with grassland, or savannah.
18Study of rocks and soil from the ancient lakes and remains of animals like hippopotamuses, or hippos, suggest water was available.
19The researchers said early humans and animals moved from northeast Africa into the Arabian Peninsula during these windows of welcoming climate.
20Petraglia said, "flowing rivers and lakes, surrounded by grasslands and savannah, would have attracted animals and then the early humans that were in pursuit of them."
21Hippos require bodies of water several meters deep to live.
22Remains of other animals, including ostriches and antelopes, show "a strong biological connection to northeast Africa," he said.
23Rick Potts directs the Human Origins Program at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C.
24He said the research has combined archaeology and climate records going back 400,000 years.
25It showed that early humans moved across the land when the climate changed.
26Potts was not involved in the new study.
27But he said the periods in which there were and were not humans in the area followed changes in climate.
28I'm Gregory Stachel.
1New evidence suggests that the desert of the Arabian Peninsula once had water and plants that brought early humans and large animals from Africa. 2Until 10 years ago, scientists trying to rebuild the story of early human movements out of Africa knew little about the Arabian Peninsula. 3Much more is known about early human settlements in the Levant region. The Levant is the area that includes modern-day Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and parts of Syria. Archaeological research has been carried out there for more than one hundred years. 4But a recent study published in Nature suggests that the Arabian Peninsula may have served as a bridge between Africa and Eurasia. 5Michael Petraglia is one of the writers of the study. He is an archaeologist at the Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History in Jena, Germany. The research team included scientists from Germany, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Britain and other countries. 6He said, "Arabia has not been part of the story of early human migration because so little work was done there before." 7Huw Groucutt is also based at the Max Planck Institute. He travels to archaeological places in the northern Arabian Peninsula where rolling sand dunes, or hills, extend as far as the eye can see. 8Scientists started to look closely for archeological remains in the region after satellite images showed signs of prehistoric lakes in the areas that are now desert. "We noticed color patterns made by ancient lakes - sand dunes are kind of orange-colored, while ancient lakes are tinted white or gray," said Groucutt. 9Over the past 10 years, archeologists have found stone tools from several periods of prehistoric settlement by early human groups. The oldest was from 400,000 years ago. 10Researchers found that, during several periods in the past, the region had lakes and was covered with grassland, or savannah. Study of rocks and soil from the ancient lakes and remains of animals like hippopotamuses, or hippos, suggest water was available. 11The researchers said early humans and animals moved from northeast Africa into the Arabian Peninsula during these windows of welcoming climate. 12Petraglia said, "flowing rivers and lakes, surrounded by grasslands and savannah, would have attracted animals and then the early humans that were in pursuit of them." 13Hippos require bodies of water several meters deep to live. Remains of other animals, including ostriches and antelopes, show "a strong biological connection to northeast Africa," he said. 14Rick Potts directs the Human Origins Program at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He said the research has combined archaeology and climate records going back 400,000 years. It showed that early humans moved across the land when the climate changed. 15Potts was not involved in the new study. But he said the periods in which there were and were not humans in the area followed changes in climate. 16I'm Gregory Stachel. 17Christina Larson reported this story for The Associated Press. Gregory Stachel adapted it for VOA Learning English. Mario Ritter, Jr. was the editor. 18________________________________________________ 19Words in This Story 20region - n. a part of a country or of the world that is different or separate from other parts in some way 21archaeological -adj. related to the science that deals with past human life and activities and the study of bones, tools and objects of ancient people 22pattern - n. something that happens in a regular and repeated way 23pursuit - n. the act of following or chasing someone or something